Understanding the temperature-dependent yield strength of Ni-based single crystal superalloys is of great significance for their microstructural design and engineering applications. In this Communication, from an atomistic perspective, the yield strength of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy varying with temperature, especially at extremely low (-272 degrees C) and high (1227 degrees C) temperatures, has been investigated. The atomic-scale mechanisms are elaborated by extracting several types of dislocation activities at various temperatures. The anomalous behavior of yield strength dominated by the atomic-scale dislocation evolution is visualized in Ni-based single crystal superalloys.