A novel and effective method named time-resolved spectral-image laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (TRSI-LIBS) was proposed to achieve precise qualitative and quantitative analysis of milk powder quality. To verify the feasibility of TRSI-LIBS, qualitative and quantitative analysis of milk powder quality was carried out. For qualitative analysis of foreign protein adulteration, the accuracy of models based on TRSI-LIBS was higher than those based on LIBS, with an accuracy improvement of about 5% to 10%. For the quantitative analysis of foreign protein adulteration and element content, the quantitative analysis models based on TSRI-LIBS also had better effect. For instance, limit of detection (LOD),determination coefficient of prediction (R(2)p), root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) and average relative error of prediction (AREP) of quantitative model of calcium (Ca) content based on TRSI-LIBS improved from 1.47 mg/g, 0.95, 0.35 mg/g and 23.29% to 0.81 mg/g, 0.98, 0.20 mg/g and 12.60%.