Microgravity science is an important branch of space science. Its major objective is to study the laws of materials movement in microgravity, as well as to reveal the influence of gravity on the movement of materials in different gravity environments. Application researches relevant to these basic studies are also important contents of microgravity science. The advanced subjects, to some extent, reflect the ability of human beings to understand nature and the R&D level in this field in various countries. In this paper, the recent progress and the latest achievements of microgravity science and application researches in China aboard space platforms such as the Core Capsule Tianhe of the China Space Station (CSS) and satellites, as well as utilizing ground-based short-term microgravity facilities such as the Drop Tower Beijing and TUFF, are summarized, which cover the following sub-disciplines: microgravity fluid physics, microgravity combustion science, space materials science, space fundamental physics, space bio-technology, and relevant space technology applications.