碳基材料是一类以碳元素为主要构成成分的材料，通过将碳材料与其他功能性材料结合，可以制备高性能的碳基复合材料。本文针对碳基复合材料在医疗领域的应用，设计和制备了掺杂改性碳基导电油墨，制备了改性导电硅胶，并将两者应用于电穿孔药物导入大变形柔性器件。另一方面，对石墨电极的涂层工艺展开研究，分析了类石墨涂层和氮化钛涂层石墨电极的界面性能和生物相容性。

  硅胶表面由于其低表面能量，难以作为基底粘附其他材料，包括目前广泛研究的水溶性导电油墨和树脂类油性导电油墨。本文通过硅油材料的引入，大幅增强了油性导电油墨对硅胶基底的附着力，同时通过对碳基导电油墨的研磨、掺杂大幅增加其电导率值。在电极设计中加入蛇形网络结构，确保了其拉伸稳定性，同时导电油墨电极在水洗后电阻保持稳定。另一方面，通过高温硫化硅胶改性制备导电硅胶，解决了封装过程中导电油墨的溶胀问题。基于碳基导电油墨材料的相关研究，提出了一种适用于面部的柔性可拉伸电穿孔药物导入器件SEFM。SEFM具有可重复使用、耐水洗、低成本和便携性等特点，在大鼠的经皮药物导入实验中，电穿孔刺激组的药物递送量增加了3-4倍，且各种药物的渗透深度显著提高。生物相容性实验证实了SEFM材料的安全性，而组织切片分析验证了SEFM皮肤电穿孔的安全性。此外，在人体志愿者实验中，SEFM成功将5%烟酰胺溶液导入体内的总量增加了20%以上，进一步验证了其在经皮药物递送中的有效性。

  在石墨电极的涂层工艺方面，则进行了生物医学应用背景下的功能性涂层研究。本文通过卤素气体置换制备了高纯石墨板，然后经磁控溅射制备了涂层石墨电极，相比无涂层的高纯石墨电极，涂层电极在液体中的界面稳定性得到了大幅增强。与此同时，间接接触条件下的细胞毒性也得到了改善，细胞存活率从88%提高到了96%以上，且直接接触条件下的生物相容性也较好。最后在血透机电导率监测中进行了应用。本文的研究成果可以为碳基材料在生物医学方面的传感器设计、制备和应用，提供重要的设计依据和实验参考，具有深入探索与实际应用的价值。

    Carbon-based materials are a type of material composed mainly of carbon elements. By combining carbon materials with other functional materials, high-performance carbon-based composites can be prepared. In this thesis, we focus on the application of carbon-based composites in the medical field. We design and prepare doped modified carbon-based conductive inks, prepare modified conductive silicone, and apply them to large deformation flexible devices for electroporation drug delivery. On the other hand, we conduct research on the coating process of graphite electrodes, and analyze the interface properties and biocompatibility of graphite electrodes, with graphite-like coatings and titanium nitride coatings.

    The surface of silicone is difficult to adhere to other materials due to its low surface energy, including water-soluble conductive inks and resin-based oil-based conductive inks, which are currently widely studied. By introducing silicone oil, we greatly enhance the adhesion of oil-based conductive inks to silicone rubber substrates. Simultaneously, we enhance the conductivity of carbon-based conductive inks by grinding and doping, incorporating a serpentine network structure into the electrode design to ensure tensile stability. This design strategy enables the conductive ink electrode to maintain stable resistance even after washing. On another front, we address the issue of ink swelling during the encapsulation process by employing high-temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber for conductivity modification. Based on the relevant research on carbon-based conductive ink materials, we propose a flexible and stretchable electroporation drug delivery device (SEFM). SEFM features reusability, water resistance, low cost, and portability. In transdermal drug delivery experiments in rats, the drug delivery in the electroporation stimulation group increased by 3-4 times, and the penetration depth of various drugs significantly increased. biocompatibility experiments confirmed the safety of SEFM materials, and tissue section analysis verified the safety of SEFM skin electroporation. in human volunteer experiments, SEFM successfully increased the total amount of 5% niacinamide solution delivered into the body by more than 20%, further confirming its effectiveness in transdermal drug delivery.

    In the coating process of graphite electrodes, functional coatings under the background of biomedical applications are studied. We prepare high-purity graphite sheets by halogen gas substitution and then prepare coated graphite electrodes by magnetron sputtering. Compared with unpainted high-purity graphite electrodes, the interface stability of coated electrodes in liquid is greatly enhanced. At the same time, the cell toxicity under indirect contact conditions is also improved, with a cell survival rate increased from 88% to above 96%. The coated electrodes also demonstrate favorable biocompatibility under conditions of direct contact. Finally, the coated graphite electrodes are applied in the conductivity monitoring of a hemodialysis machine. The research results of this thesis can provide important design basis and experimental reference for the design, preparation, and application of sensors based on carbon-based materials in the biomedical field, with deep exploration and practical application value.