激波驱动的气体液滴流动通常伴随Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性（RMI），广泛存在于自然现象和工程应用。该过程涉及相间速度、温度、蒸汽浓度和液滴表面受力的非平衡因素，对气液流动动力学特性和混合区域演化产生重要影响。然而，已有研究中缺乏对其影响机理的探索，因此本文深入研究了四种非平衡效应所导致的曳力、传热、蒸发和破碎对气液多相RMI的影响。我们采用欧拉-拉格朗日框架来统一建模气液流动系统，结合理论与数值研究方法，以准确模拟多相RMI问题中的非平衡效应。

针对速度非平衡效应，我们剖析St数在预测混合区域增长时失效原因，提出描述曳力影响的无量纲数，建立极限条件下混合区域宽度的理论模型并揭示液滴参数的影响规律。考虑液滴体积分数、半径和气体粘度等因素，构建基于曳力弛豫时间与气体特征时间之比的无量纲数Sd，以量化曳力对气体速度的影响。建立极限液滴参数下混合区域宽度增长的理论模型：在液滴密度极大时呈指数增长，在半径极大或二者都较大时呈线性增长。揭示液滴参数变化对混合区域宽度增长的影响规律，发现通过不同路径的增大St数会导致混合区域宽度发生分叉现象，验证理论模型及Sd数的有效性。

针对温度非平衡效应，我们提出衡量液滴传热影响的无量纲数，并揭示其对混合区域宽度的影响机理。综合液滴体积分数、气体比热和传热系数等参数，导出无量纲传热弛豫时间τh来表征传热效果，表明液滴体积分数的量变会引起传热效果的质变。数值模拟显示，传热效应降低混合区域宽度增长率，减弱涡量沉积。通过波系结构和Budget分析，揭示传热效应影响机理：降低含液滴区域的气体温度和压强，减小混合区域附近压强梯度，使得气体速度减慢，且下游气泡较上游尖钉减速更明显，导致混合区域宽度降低。此外，对液滴体积分数和温度自相似性的规律性探索，验证τh数的有效性。

针对蒸发和破碎效应，我们发现其对多相系统的影响具有高复杂度和多因素耦合的特点，探讨二者对混合区域宽度影响机理。理论和数值分析表明，蒸发效应逐渐减小液滴半径和温度，但耦合量变化微弱，对气液流动影响较小。破碎效应剧烈改变液滴属性，减小其半径、增加其数量，导致液滴群向下游聚集，加速传热和蒸发过程，显著改变气液流动结构。破碎还导致混合区域宽度增长速率突变，随后恢复至接近原值。液滴迅速破碎导致气体速度急剧下降后上升，混合区域宽度增长滞后；随后，破碎降低两相速度差，减弱相间曳力，加快气体运动速度，但由于尖钉气泡速度增幅相近，混合区域宽度增长速率保持近似。

Shock-driven gas droplet flow is often accompanied by Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI), which exists widely in natural phenomena and engineering applications. This process involves non-equilibrium factors such as interphase velocity, temperature, vapor concentration and force on the droplet surface, which have a significant impact on the dynamic characteristics of gas-liquid flow and the evolution of the mixing zone. However, there has been a lack of exploration on its impact mechanism in existing studies, so this article delves into the effects of drag, heat transfer, evaporation and breakup caused by four non-equilibrium effects on gas-liquid multiphase RMI. We use the Euler-Lagrangian framework to uniformly model gas-liquid flow systems, combining theoretical and numerical research methods to accurately simulate non-equilibrium effects in multi-phase RMI problems.

Regarding the velocity non-equilibrium effect, we analyze the reasons for the failure of the St number in predicting the growth of the mixing zone, propose a dimensionless number to describe the influence of drag force, establish a theoretical model of the mixing zone width under extreme conditions, and reveal the influence of droplet parameters. Considering factors such as droplet volume fraction, radius, and gas viscosity, a dimensionless number Sd based on the ratio of drag relaxation time to gas characteristic time is constructed to quantify the impact of drag on gas velocity. A theoretical model for the growth of the mixing zone width under extreme droplet parameters is established: exponential growth at maximum droplet density, and linear growth at maximum radius or both. The influence of changes in droplet parameters on the growth of the mixing zone width is revealed. It is found that increasing the St number through different paths will cause the bifurcation of the mixing zone width, verifying the validity of the theoretical model and Sd number.

Regarding the temperature non-equilibrium effect, we propose a dimensionless number to measure the influence of droplet heat transfer, and reveal its influence mechanism on the mixing zone width. Based on comprehensive parameters such as droplet volume fraction, gas-specific heat and heat transfer coefficient, the dimensionless heat transfer relaxation time τh is derived to characterize the heat transfer effect, indicating that a quantitative change in droplet volume fraction will cause a qualitative change in the heat transfer effect. Numerical simulations show that the heat transfer effect reduces the growth rate of the mixing zone width and weakens the vorticity deposition. Through wave system structure and Budget analysis, the mechanism of the heat transfer effect is revealed: reducing the gas temperature and pressure in the droplet-containing area, reducing the pressure gradient near the mixing zone, and slowing down the gas velocity. And the downstream bubbles decelerate more significantly than the upstream spikes, resulting in a reduction in the mixing zone width. In addition, the regularity of droplet volume fraction and temperature self-similarity is explored to verify the effectiveness of the τh number.

Regarding the evaporation and breakup effects, we find that their impact on the multiphase system is characterized by high complexity and multi-factor coupling, and explored the mechanism of their influence on the mixing zone width. Theoretical and numerical analysis show that the evaporation effect gradually reduces the droplet radius and temperature, but the coupling amount changes weakly and has little impact on the gas-liquid flow. The breakup effect drastically changes the properties of the droplets, reducing their radius and increasing their quantity, causing the droplet group to accumulate downstream, accelerating the heat transfer and evaporation process, and significantly changing the gas-liquid flow structure. The breakup also causes an abrupt change in the growth rate of the mixing zone width, followed by a return to close to the original value. The rapid breakage of the droplets causes the gas velocity to drop sharply and then rise, and the growth of the mixing zone width lags behind. Subsequently, the breakage reduces the velocity difference between the two phases, weakens the interphase drag force, and accelerates the gas movement speed. However, due to the similar increase in the velocity of the spikes and bubbles, the mixing zone width maintains an approximate growth rate.