超高速撞击的研究覆盖了航空航天、国防技术和材料科学等多个关键学科，对于维护国家安全、响应战略要求以及促进技术发展具有极其重要的影响。分析撞击后引起的结构振动响应，不仅能够更好地理解复杂弹目交汇过程中的能量传递特性、变形机制、建立动态响应与交汇目标相互作用之间精准映射关系，还可以在获得结构振动响应时空分布的基础上增加抑振吸能设计以提高抗冲击振动防护效果。

本论文从攻防两端对超高速撞击后的结构振动响应开展了研究。首先将攻击端作为研究对象，以战斗部侵彻硬目标靶板为研究背景，特别关注了类战斗部结构在撞击不同靶板时的多参量响应规律，运用有限元仿真和穿靶信号分析，研究了响应信号的特征及其随时间和空间的变化模式。并通过分析穿靶过程中的多元力学信号的叠加耦合机制以及实现关键力源载荷特征的凸显，定量评判了连续穿靶过程中攻击端内部的冲击能量衰减以及应力波的弥散演化行为，最终在复杂弹目交汇中实现侵彻目标特征的识别。此外，本文将防守端作为研究对象，以超高速撞击后防护结构的冲击振动为研究背景，首先以数值仿真为研究工具，讨论了不同冲击速度下防护结构的破坏性严重程度随位置的分布规律。而后通过将剪切硬化胶这一具有冲击硬化特征的柔性抗冲击材料引入到防护结构的设计，并在超高速撞击实验中实现了对冲击振动的有效抑制。与此同时，还通过对不同配方的对比研究获得了最佳工艺设计，为防护结构的抑振吸能需求提供了研究基础。本文的主要研究内容如下：

（1）研究了弹目交汇对抗中类战斗部的振动响应。首先应用仿真分析的方法创建了类战斗部结构侵彻混凝土等典型介质的有限元模型，并依据该模型获得了不同侵彻速度、目标类型下类战斗部结构中应力、加速度等典型信号的响应图谱。然后通过不同位置响应信号中的冲击成分的分布密度研究发现弹体头部响应信号更能反应刚性冲击相关的成分，并据此提出在弹体头部为辅、弹体尾部为主的多传感器安装方法，从而提高引信对目标特征的分析精度。

（2）获得了高速及超高速连续穿靶过程中的计层识别方法。首先通过战斗部简化模型冲击后时域响应的理论分析阐明了信号之间的耦合机制是速度变高与靶变薄导致了刚体减加速度的频率与结构固有频率接近甚至重叠，进一步通过提出基于WVD分布的能量衰减曲线实现了在连续侵彻中对弹体长度和靶板间距的估计。然后，本文建立了应力波沿战斗部等效结构传播的动力学分析模型，并计算得到了传播速度最慢的临界阶数的谐波与等效结构的细长比和泊松比之间的定量关系。进一步，构建了弥散演化曲线定量表征了每次穿靶导致的各阶谐波在等效结构中的均匀化过程并据此实现连续穿靶过程中的计层识别。最后，通过有限元仿真和实验模拟的方法验证了本识别方法在超高速连续穿靶过程中实现计层识别的可行性。

（3）研究了超高速撞击后防护结构的冲击振动分布规律。首先构建了铝球撞击复合材料层合板的仿真模型并获得了不同撞击速度下复合材料层合板冲击振动响应的时空分布数据。然后通过研究振动响应随厚度方向的变化发现越靠近背部振动响应的量级越大，同时还发现振动量级随与撞击点距离的增加而减小，且更长的时间尺度上振动响应能够更快的趋于稳定。最后，通过对比不同撞击速度下的冲击振动在复合材料层合板背部的衰减趋势发现3000~4000 m/s的速度区间内的撞击产生的冲击振动的破坏程度最大。

（4）提出了冲击振动的抑制手段。首先通过制备不同配比的胶粘剂构建了含有剪切硬化胶组元的复合材料层合板，然后通过二级轻气炮开展了超高速撞击实验并获得了复合材料层合板正面和背面冲击振动响应数据。实验结果表明，剪切硬化胶的引入可以在增大铝球的破碎程度的同时降低冲击振动时域响应的量级。更进一步，本文通过增大剪切硬化胶的添加比例发现过量的剪切硬化胶反而会降低冲击振动的抑制效果，在此基础上，本文通过对比不同配方下的振动响应量级发现剪切硬化胶的最佳添加比例为5%，该比例可以实现不同位置处最优的冲击振动抑制效果。

The research on hypervelocity impacts covers multiple key disciplines such as aerospace, defense technology, and materials science, and has extremely important implications for maintaining national security, responding to strategic requirements, and promoting technological development. By analyzing the structural vibration response caused by the impact, the energy transfer characteristics, deformation mechanism, and precise mapping relationship between dynamic response and the interaction of intersecting targets during the complex projectile target intersection process were obtained. On the basis of obtaining the spatiotemporal distribution of structural vibration response, vibration suppression and energy absorption design is added to improve the anti impact vibration protection effect.

This dissertation investigates the structural vibration response after hypervelocity impact from two aspects: the impactor and the impacted object. The research takes the impactor as the research object and the penetration of the warhead into a hard target plate as the research background. Special attention is paid to the multi parameter response law of the warhead like structure when impacting different target plates. Finite element simulation and target penetration signal analysis are used to study the characteristics of the response signal and its temporal and spatial variation patterns. And by analyzing the superposition coupling mechanism of multiple mechanical signals during the penetration process and highlighting the key force source load characteristics, the impact energy attenuation and stress wave dispersion evolution behavior inside the impactor during continuous penetration were quantitatively evaluated, ultimately achieving the identification of penetration target characteristics in complex missile target interactions. In addition, the research takes the impacted object to study, with the impact vibration of the protective structure after hypervelocity impact as the research background. Firstly, numerical simulation is used as the research tool to discuss the distribution law of the destructive severity of the protective structure with position under different impact velocities. Then, by introducing shear stiffening gel, a flexible impact resistant material with impact hardening characteristics, into the design of protective structures, effective suppression of impact vibration was achieved in hypervelocity impact experiments. At the same time, the optimal process design was obtained through comparative studies of different formulations, providing a research basis for the vibration suppression and energy absorption requirements of protective structures. The main research content of this article is as follows:

(1) Studied the vibration response of a warhead like structure in missile target intersection confrontation. Firstly, a finite element model was created using simulation analysis to simulate the penetration of typical media such as concrete. Based on this model, response spectra of stress, acceleration, and other typical signals in the warhead like structure were obtained for different penetration speeds and target types. Then, through the study of the distribution density of impact components in response signals at different positions, it was found that the response signal at the head of the projectile can better reflect the components related to rigid impact. Based on this, a multi-sensor installation method is proposed, with the head of the projectile as the auxiliary and the tail of the projectile as the main, in order to improve the accuracy of the fuse's analysis of target features.

(2) Obtained layer identification methods during high velocity and hypervelocity continuous target penetration. The theoretical analysis of the time-domain response of the simplified model of the warhead after impact was first used to clarify the coupling mechanism between signals, which is that the frequency of rigid body deceleration caused by the increase in velocity and the thinning of the target is close to or even overlaps with the natural frequency of the structure. Furthermore, an energy attenuation curve based on WVD distribution was proposed to estimate the length of the projectile and the distance between the target and the plate during continuous penetration. Then, this article established a dynamic analysis model for the propagation of stress waves along the equivalent structure of the warhead, and calculated the quantitative relationship between the harmonic of the slowest critical order and the aspect ratio and Poisson’s ratio of the equivalent structure. Furthermore, a dispersion evolution curve was constructed to quantitatively characterize the homogenization process of various harmonic orders caused by each target penetration in the equivalent structure, and based on this, layer identification during continuous target penetration was achieved. Finally, the feasibility of layer counting recognition in the process of hypervelocity continuous target penetration was verified through finite element simulation and experimental simulation.

(3) Studied the impact vibration of protective structures after hypervelocity impact. Firstly, a simulation model of aluminum ball impact on composite laminates was constructed, and the spatiotemporal distribution data of the impact vibration response of composite laminates under different impact velocities were obtained. Then, by studying the variation of vibration response with thickness direction, it was found that the magnitude of vibration response increases closer to the back. At the same time, it was also found that the vibration magnitude decreases with the increase of distance from the impact point, and the vibration response tends to stabilize faster over longer time scales. Finally, by comparing the attenuation trends of impact vibrations at different impact velocities on the back of composite laminates, it was found that the impact vibrations generated within the velocity range of 3000-4000 m/s had the greatest degree of damage.

(4) Proposed suppression methods for impact vibration. Firstly, composite laminates containing shear stiffening gel components were constructed by preparing shear stiffening gel with different ratios. Then, hypervelocity impact experiments were conducted using a two-stage light gas gun, and the front and back impact vibration response data of the composite laminates were obtained. The experimental results indicate that the introduction of shear stiffening gel can increase the degree of breakage of aluminum balls while reducing the magnitude of the time-domain response of impact vibration. Furthermore, this article found that increasing the proportion of s shear stiffening gel actually reduces the suppression effect of impact vibration. Based on this, this article compared the vibration response levels under different formulations and found that the optimal addition ratio of shear stiffening gel is 5%. In this case, the optimal impact vibration suppression effect can be achieved at different positions.