临床治疗期间，集成于医疗器械中的智能传感器能够测量流体特征参数，从而监测患者的生理信号和医疗器械的工作状态。这种方案可提升治疗效果，降低医患双方的治疗成本。本文针对临床治疗中流体特征参数测量的典型场景设计了基于柔性平面曲梁结构的光电式流速传感器、具有系统误差补偿算法的透析充分性传感器和集成于血液透析机的血液温度监测系统，具体如下：

使用流速传感器监测患者的呼吸情况，有助于避免因严重呼吸不足导致的缺氧性脑损伤；在电子输注泵中集成流速传感器，可降低因输液速度异常而对器官功能造成损伤的风险，防止治疗延误导致疾病恶化。然而，高精度的流速传感器成本较高，限制了其在医疗器械中的应用。针对这一难点，本文设计并制备了一种基于柔性平面曲梁结构变形的流速传感器，并通过理论计算和有限元分析优化传感器性能。该传感器材料成本低，制备工艺成熟，在气体液体流速测量时均表现出高灵敏度、良好的机械耐久性以及结构鲁棒性。通过实验验证，该传感器可准确区分患者正常呼吸和呼吸不足的信号，并完整记录下药物输注波形，显示其集成在医疗器械中的潜力。

血液透析时，透析充分性不足代表患者体内的代谢废物不能有效清除，从而增加并发症风险，甚至危及生命。但透析充分性传感器易受系统误差影响，测量准确度较低。针对这一问题，本文设计了一种具有系统误差补偿算法的透析充分性传感器，该传感器通过测量透析废液的紫外光吸收率比得到尿素清除率。文中对光路内各点光强进行理论分析，提出一种校正算法，并通过实验验证其能有效补偿系统误差。将传感器集成在血液透析机上，其测量结果与抽血测量结果的误差最大为13.8%，能有效表征血液透析期间的透析充分性。

血液透析过程中，若流入患者体内的血液温度不适宜，可能导致患者出现寒战、低血压等应激反应。本文研发了一套适用于血液透析机的血液温度监测系统，能实时测量体外动静脉血液的温度，并将其反馈至主机，通过调节透析液温度控制血液温度。在实验室内对该系统动静脉端的测量和控制准确度进行验证，误差均在±0.5℃以内，证明了其对体外血液温度的测量和控制能力。

本文的研究成果对提高医疗水平、改善患者治疗效果，推动医疗技术的发展和创新具有重要意义，在医学领域的临床治疗和医学诊断等方面，展现出巨大的发展前景，具有深入探索和实际应用的价值。

During clinical treatment, the integration of smart sensors in medical devices to measure fluid characteristic parameters can monitor the physiological signals of patients and the working condition of medical devices. It can improve the treatment effect and reduce the treatment cost of both doctors and patients at the same time. In this paper, a photoelectric flow rate sensor based on a flexible planar curved beam structure, a dialysis adequacy sensor with correction algorithm for systematic error, and a blood temperature monitoring system integrated with a hemodialysis machine are designed for the measurement of typical fluid parameters in the clinic, as follows:

The use of flow rate sensors to monitor respiration can prevent hypoxic brain damage caused by severe respiratory insufficiency, and the use of flow rate sensors to provide early warning of abnormalities in infusion rates can prevent damage to organ function or delay in treatment progression that could lead to worsening of the disease.

However, high-precision flow rate sensors are expensive, which limits the choice of optimal measurement solutions for medical devices. To address this difficulty, this paper designs a flow velocity sensor based on the deformation of a flexible planar curved beam structure, and optimizes the sensing performance of the sensor through theoretical calculations and finite element analysis. The sensor, with low material cost and mature preparation process, shows high sensitivity, good mechanical durability and structural robustness in both gas and liquid flow rate measurement. Through experimental validation, the sensor can accurately differentiate between the signals of normal respiration and hypopnea of the patient and completely record the drug infusion waveforms, showing its potential to be integrated into medical devices.

Inadequate dialysis adequacy may result in ineffective removal of metabolic wastes from the patient's body, increasing the risk of complications and even endangering life. However, dialysis adequacy sensors are affected by systematic error and have low measurement accuracy. To address this problem, this paper designs a dialysis adequacy sensor with a correction algorithm for systematic error, which obtains the urea clearance rate through the ratio of ultraviolet absorbance of dialysis waste liquid, theoretically analyses the light intensity at each point in the optical path, and proposes a correction algorithm, which is experimentally verified to amplitude reduce the systematic error. Integration of the sensor into the hemodialysis machine resulted in measurements with a maximum error of 13.8% from blood draw measurements, effectively characterizing the adequacy of dialysis during hemodialysis.

During the process of hemodialysis, inadequate blood temperature flowing into the patients may potentially induce adverse reactions such as chills and hypotension. In this paper, a blood temperature monitoring system for hemodialysis machine is designed, which can measure the temperature of the blood in the arteriovenous side of the body in real time and transmit data to the main computer. By adjusting the dialysate temperature, the system effectively regulates blood temperature. The measurement and control accuracy of the arteriovenous end of the system is verified in the laboratory, and the errors are within ±0.5℃, proving its ability to measure and control the temperature of blood outside the body.

The research results of this paper are of great significance for improving the medical level, enhancing patient treatment efficacy, and fostering the advancement and innovation of medical technology. They demonstrate promising growth opportunities in clinical interventions and medical diagnostics within the medical sector, offering substantial value for comprehensive exploration and practical implementation.