潜艇在近水面航行时，会在海面上形成一系列复杂的水动力学尾迹。这类水动力尾迹具有持续时间长、作用范围广的特点，故而容易被遥感手段进行实时和大规模的观测。近年来，随着潜艇噪声的逐渐降低，传统的声学探测手段逐渐难以满足反潜探测的需求。因此，基于潜艇水动力尾迹特征的非声探测技术已成为各海洋强国研究的热点。然而，目前相关研究仍局限于静水环境下，关于表面波作用下的尾迹特征研究亟待开展。对此，本文开发了一种低数值耗散的表面波造波方法，通过数值模拟的方式研究了表面波作用下潜航体的尾迹特征。论文主要成果和创新点如下：

首先，为了避免传统造波方法所固有的数值耗散问题，本文将基于速度分解策略的谱波显式Navier--Stokes方程（SWENSE）方法拓展到耦合水平集-流体体积分数法（CLSVOF）的界面捕捉框架中，提出了一种低数值耗散的表面波生成算法。相较于之前的方法，本文对附加源项中的密度梯度进行了显式离散，从而简化了计算过程。并提出了一种压力平移修正（PTC）方法来确保数值的稳定性和准确性。同时使用CLSVOF方法来捕捉界面，通过level-set函数使得关于附加源项的计算更加精确。

其次，采用本文所提出的低数值耗散的表面波生成算法，通过数值模拟研究了浸没小球在表面波作用下的尾迹形态。结果表明，表面波的存在会改变小球后方的尾迹形态。表面波与尾迹场之间的相互作用与两者间的相对波长和相对波高有关。当表面波波长大于开尔文尾迹波长时，表面波与开尔文尾迹相互作用导致尾迹形态的变化；当表面波波长小于开尔文尾迹波长时，表面波与湍流尾迹相互作用导致尾迹形态的变化；当两者波长接近时，表面波对尾迹形态的影响几乎可以忽略。

最后，在固定条件下，以细长体为研究对象，进一步研究了表面规则波作用下，潜航体长度对于尾迹形态的影响。结果表明，潜航体长度的变化所引起的有利干扰效果能改变尾迹场的振幅，从而改变尾迹振幅与表面波之间相对波高的大小进而影响两者间相互作用的强弱。同时以潜航体长度对于尾迹特征的影响为例，给出了一种具有普适性的方法。该方法可通过调整潜航体的几何外形来抑制其水动力尾迹特征，可对有关工程设计提供一定的参考。

When a submarine navigates near the water surface, it creates a series of hydrodynamic wakes on the surface. These hydrodynamic wakes are characterized by their long duration and wide-ranging effects, making them easily observable in real-time and on a large scale using remote sensing techniques. In recent years, as the noise from submarines has gradually decreased, traditional acoustic detection methods have become increasingly inadequate for anti-submarine detection needs. Consequently, non-acoustic detection technologies based on the hydrodynamic wake characteristics of submarines have become a research focus for major maritime powers. However, current research is still limited in clam water, and there is an urgent need to study the wake characteristics under the effect of surface waves. In response to this, this thesis develops a low numerical dissipation wave generation method and investigates the wake characteristics of submerged bodies under the influence of surface waves through numerical simulation. The main results and innovations of the paper are as follows:

Firstly, to avoid the inherent numerical dissipation of traditional wave-making methods, this thesis extends the Spectral Wave Explicit Navier--Stokes Equations (SWENSE) method, which is based on a velocity decomposition strategy, to the interface capturing framework of the coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method, proposing a wave generation algorithm with low numerical dissipation. Compared to previous methods, the density gradient in the additional source term is discretized explicitly in this study, thereby simplifying the calculation process. A new pressure translation correction (PTC) method is proposed to ensure numerical stability and accuracy. Meanwhile, the CLSVOF method is used to capture the interface, enabling more accurate computation of the additional source term through the Level-set function.

Secondly, using the wave generation algorithm with low numerical dissipation proposed in this thesis, the wake patterns of a submerged sphere under the influence of surface waves were studied through numerical simulation. The results show that the presence of surface waves alters the wake patterns behind the sphere. The interaction between the surface waves and the wake field is influenced by their relative wavelength and wave height. When the surface wave wavelength is greater than the Kelvin wake wavelength, the interaction between the surface wave and the Kelvin wake leads to changes in the wake pattern; when the surface wave wavelength is smaller than the Kelvin wake wavelength, the interaction between the surface wave and the turbulent wake causes changes in the wake pattern. When the wavelengths are similar, the influence of surface waves on the wake pattern is almost negligible.

Finally, under fixed conditions, an elongated body was employed as the research subject to further investigate the impact of submerged body length on wake patterns influenced by regular surface waves. The results indicate that beneficial interference effects caused by changes in the length of the submerged body can alter the amplitude of the wake field, thereby affecting the relative wave height of the wake amplitude to the surface waves and influencing the intensity of their interaction. Furthermore, a universal method is presented, using the effect of submerged body's length on wake characteristics as an example. This method can suppress the hydrodynamic wake characteristics by adjusting the geometric shape of the submerged body, providing a reference for engineering design.