随着人类愈发频繁地进行海洋活动，船舶海洋工程对于减少船只行进阻力、
减小船舶环境噪声以及提高船载声呐探测精度等工程需求更加显著。以船首波
为代表的表面破碎波对上述问题具有重要的影响，了解船首波破碎的物理规律
对船舶海洋工程的发展具有重要的研究意义。
本文研究了均匀来流在矩形平板诱导下发生船首波破碎的绕流问题，通过
来流攻角与弗劳德数两组对照算例，讨论了船首波破碎问题的来流攻角效应与
弗劳德数效应，并结合计算数据验证了湍流质量通量的封闭模型。主要研究结
论如下：(1) 随着来流攻角逐渐增大，来流在平板诱导下逐渐由稳定翻转的流态
转变为产生不稳定破碎的流态，破碎影响的范围逐渐扩大，向上游延伸。船首波
破碎的剧烈程度随来流攻角增大更加剧烈，液滴向上游输运的趋势在产生不稳
定破碎的流态下更强。(2) 在大来流攻角下，随着弗劳德数逐渐增大，来流在平
板诱导下的船首波破碎的物理规律具有一致性，弗劳德数对集中破碎区域位置
的影响相对较小，不同弗劳德数算例的主要差异表现在物理量的量级上，弗劳德
数越大，湍动能等物理量量级越大。液滴与气泡向上游输运的趋势随弗劳德数
增大而增强。(3) 湍动能在混相区内的面积平均值沿流向的变化趋势具有单峰特
性，说明湍动能的生成集中于破碎剧烈的区域，湍流质量通量的平均值则具有多
峰特性，二者在空间分布上关联性较差，但是湍流质量通量的生成项与湍动能之
间的关联性较强。

As human maritime activities are conducted more frequently in recent years, the engineering demands such as reducing vessel drag, minimizing ship environmental noise, and enhancing onboard sonar detection accuracy have become more prominent. Surface breaking waves, represented by bow waves, significantly impact these issues. Therefore, understanding the physical laws of breaking bow waves has crucial research significance for the development of ship marine engineering.

This thesis studies the breaking bow waves induced by uniform incoming flow past a rectangular plate. It discusses the yaw angle effect and the Froude number effect by setting two groups of comparison cases and validates the closure model of turbulent mass flux based on the calculated data above. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The flow induced by the plate transitions from a stable overturning regime to an unstable breaking regime as the yaw angle increases, with the impact region expanding in the spanwise direction and extending upstream. Meanwhile, wave breaking becomes more intense, and the trend of transporting droplets upstream intensifies under the unstable breaking regime. (2) At large yaw angles, the physical laws of bow wave breaking induced by the plate are consistent as the Froude number increases. The Froude number has a minor impact on the location of the concentrated breaking region compared to the yaw angles. Differences among the Froude number cases are primarily reflected in the magnitude of physical quantities. The magnitude of physical quantities such as turbulent kinetic energy increases, and the trend of transporting droplets and bubbles upstream intensifies as the Froude number increases. (3) The area-averaged turbulent kinetic energy within the mixed-phase region has a single peak profile in its variation along the streamwise direction, indicating that the generation of turbulent kinetic energy is concentrated in regions of intense breakage. However, the area-averaged turbulent mass flux has a multipeak peak profile. The spatial distribution correlation between turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent mass flux is relatively weak, but the correlation between turbulent kinetic energy and the production term of turbulent mass flux is strong.