渐进破坏广泛存在于岩土工程、国防工程和建筑结构等领域，与此同时，能量在渐进破坏过程中扮演重要角色。依据能量的来源，可大体分为内部能量演化诱发破裂和外界输入能量诱发破裂。因此，开展渐进破坏对力学响应特征的机理研究，建立渐进破坏过程中不同类型能量的统计算法，构建描述裂纹生成的能量耗散模型，对于准确评估模型的宏观强度和获取能量演化特征具有重要意义。

本文首先针对渐进破坏对力学响应特征的影响机理，提出了渐进破坏的“破裂加剧效应”和量化指标渐进破坏比K_t。随后，基于连续-非连续算法的基本概念和本构模型特点，建立了准确统计所有能量类型的能量统计算法。接着，根据岩石的多尺度模型、兰纳-琼斯势和范德华力，建立了基于岩石微观破裂机理的能量耗散模型。最后，探讨了车载导弹发射期间冲击荷载作用下道路结构的沉降、变形、破裂和能量演化特征。主要内容和结论如下：

（1）提出渐进破坏的“破裂加剧效应”和量化指标渐进破坏比K_t，解释了渐进破坏对模型力学响应特征的影响机理。当模型发生渐进破坏时，因为应力重分布的存在，破坏将出现“破裂加剧效应”，导致模型宏观承载强度降低。在边坡稳定性分析中，理论分析和数值模拟结果均表明，基于渐进破坏比K_t对整体抗滑力修正后，依据极限平衡法得到的边坡安全系数更能准确反映边坡的稳定性。

（2）建立准确统计模型从连续介质转变为非连续介质过程中所有能量类型的能量统计算法。基于连续-非连续算法的基本概念，首先将模型的能量划分为单元变形能W_EE、单元动能W_EV、弹簧变形能W_PE、弹簧断裂能W_PC、摩擦耗能W_R和阻尼耗能W_D，随后依据本构模型特征，分别建立了每种能量的统计算法。数值案例验证了能量统计算法具有很好的自洽性和鲁棒性。

（3）建立基于岩石微观破裂机理的能量耗散模型，用于准确表征裂纹生成和扩展过程中的断裂能量和力学行为。基于岩石的多尺度模型（RVE尺度—颗粒尺度—分子尺度）、兰纳-琼斯势和范德华力，建立了拉伸过程与剪切过程中能量耗散模型的力方程和势能方程。最后，通过数值模拟结果与理论推导结果和室内实验结果的对比分析，验证了能量耗散模型的准确性。

（4）探究车载导弹发射期间冲击荷载作用下道路结构沉降、变形、破裂和能量演化特征。计算结果表明：荷载中心点沉降量时程曲线与冲击荷载时程曲线的变化趋势一致，沉降量最大值与冲击荷载的峰值点相对应，且道路结构的变形量主要产生于路基上部。破裂主要产生于冲击荷载急剧增大时期，破坏类型包括拉伸破坏和剪切破坏。不同能量类型的时程曲线存在差异，但均与冲击荷载的变化趋势密切相关。

Progressive damage is widespread in the fields of geotechnical engineering, national defense engineering and architecture. Besides, energy plays an important role in the progressive damage process. Based on the source of energy, it can be broadly classified into internal energy evolution-induced damage and external energy input-induced damage. Therefore, research on the mechanism of progressive damage to mechanical response characteristics, establishment of statistical algorithms for different types of energy in the progressive damage process, and construction of energy dissipation model describing crack formation are of great significance for accurately evaluating the macroscopic bearing strength of model and obtaining the energy evolution characteristics.

In this paper, firstly, aiming at the mechanism of progressive damage on mechanical response characteristics, the "damage-aggravation effect" of progressive damage and the quantitative index progressive failure ratio K_t are proposed. Subsequently, based on the basic concept of Continuum-Discontinuum Element Method (CDEM) and the constitutive model characteristics of block and interface, an energy statistical algorithm that accurately counts all energy types is established. Then, according to the multi-scale model of rock, Lennard-Jones potential and van der Waals force, an energy dissipation model based on the microscopic fracture mechanism of rock is established. Finally, the evolution characteristics of deflection, deformation, crack and energy of low-grade highway under impact load during the launch of vehicle-mounted missile are studied. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:

(1) The "damage-aggravation effect" of progressive damage and the quantitative index progressive damage ratio K_t are proposed, and the mechanism of progressive damage on the mechanical response characteristics of model is explained. When the model undergoes progressive damage, due to the existence of stress redistribution, the damage will have a "damage-aggravation effect", resulting in a decrease in the macroscopic bearing strength. In the slope stability analysis, the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that the slope safety factor obtained by the limit equilibrium method can more accurately reflect the slope stability after the overall anti-sliding force is corrected based on the progressive damage ratio K_t.

(2) An energy statistical algorithm is established, which can accurately statistic model all energy types in the process of transforming from continuum medium to discontinuous medium. Firstly, based on the basic concept of Continuum-Discontinuum Element Method, the energy is divided into element deformation energy W_EE, element kinetic energy W_EV, spring deformation energy W_PE, spring fracture energy W_PC, friction energy W_R and damping energy W_D. Then, according to the constitutive model characteristics of block and interface, a statistical algorithm for each energy is established. Finally, four numerical cases verify that the energy statistics algorithm has good self-consistent and robustness.

(3) An energy dissipation model based on the rock microscopic fracture mechanism is established to accurately characterize the fracture energy and mechanical behavior in the process of crack formation and propagation. Based on the multi-scale model of rock (RVE scale-particle scale-molecular scale), Lennard-Jones potential and van der Waals force, the force equation and potential energy equation of the energy dissipation model in the tensile process and the shear process are established. Finally, the accuracy of the energy dissipation model is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with the theoretical results and experimental results.

(4) The evolution characteristics of deflection, deformation, crack and energy of low-grade highway under impact load during the launch of vehicle-mounted missiles are obtained. The numerical results show that the change trend of deflection time-history curve at the load center point is consistent with that of impact load time-history curve, the maximum instantaneous deflection corresponds to the peak value of impact load, and the deformation of highway mainly occurs on the upper part of roadbed. Crack mainly occurs when the impact load increases rapidly, and the failure type includes tensile failure and shear failure. The time-history curves of various constituent energy are different, but they are closely related to the change trend of impact load.